Causes, joint symptoms, complications and methods of treatment

Arthrosis is a disease of the joints, which is considered to be dystrophic and is associated with slow destruction of cartilage inside the joint.In the case of arthrosis, changes occur for a long time, reorganize the joints of the bones, inflammatory processes, and degeneration of periosematic tissues.A thing like "arthrosis" does not even include a very large group of degenerative inflammatory arthritis, which have different causes and similar mechanisms of development.

Arthrosis is considered to be the most common joint disease in the world, with statistics to one or another degree, up to 80% of the world population in arthrosis.This type of lesions are very common and are in third place, after oncology and cardiovascular disease.

The likelihood of arthrosis is often increased with age.The disease affects both men and women in the same way, the exception is only the arthrosis of Inter -Falax joints, as it is most often noticed in women.Arthrosis exceeds people in working age - from 30 years and the number of patients is constantly and continuously increasing each year.

The joint reasons

Arthrosis develops due to the metabolic disorders of the joint, which in turn leads to the fact that the cartilage begins to lose elasticity.This can be facilitated by the complete or partial loss of the composition of the proteoglycans, which is usually due to the deep cracks of the cartilage.The loss of proteoglycans can occur for another reason: due to the failure of common cells.

The following reasons may affect the occurrence and development of arthrosis:

• Preeded previous injuries.Dislocations, bruises, fractures, ribbons and other damage.
• Metabolic disorders.
• Excessive body weight, which leads to additional loads in the joints.
• An inflammatory process of the joints is acute guruled arthritis.
• Elderly.
• Low energy quality.
• Hypothermia.
• Autoimmune Diseases - Red Lupus, Rheumatoid Arthritis.
• General intoxication of the body.
• Frequent colds.
• Specific inflammation - syphilis, tuberculosis, tick encephalitis, gonorrhea.
• Thyroid disease.
• Violation of blood coagulation (hemophilia).
• Pertes is a violation of blood supply to the femur.

In the near future, endangered diseases, such as arthrosis, are people whose professions are: Mason, Mining, Fisherman, Kovács, Metal Emogue - and other areas of increased physical work.

Joint symptoms

The joint symptomThe cargo of the joint has pain that disappears when the joint is at rest;Reducing joint mobility and feeling of muscle tension in the joint.The joints regularly affected by arthrosis can swell and deform over time.

Note the following 4 large groups of the symptoms of arthrosis:

• Pain.The presence of pain is the first sign of arthrosis of the joints.It is assumed that similar feelings occur in any damage, but in the case of arthrosis, the pain has certain properties.First of all, this is the occurrence of sudden pain or significant discomfort during movements.It is localized in the place where the sore joint is located.When a person stops movement and goes to rest, the pain disappears.At night, a person practically does not experience discomfort, unless you find the optimal situation in the body's coup - the patient falls asleep.Pain only occurs at the stage of the disease progression while relaxing, with some similarity to dental rogues when someone cannot fall asleep.They show themselves closer from the morning - at 5 o'clock.So, at the beginning of the pain, there is virtually no pain, it can only be felt by load or palpation, over time the suffering of a person increases, and the joint requires more and more rest.Then life turns into completely torture - the hyaline cartilage is thinning, the bone is exposed, and the osteophytes begin to grow.Acute pain is almost constantly distressing, even more intensifying in bad weather and full moon.
• Crunch.The same indicative symptom of arthrosis is crunching presence.It is audible due to the fact that the softness of the bones in the joint is reduced and rubbed around each other, resulting in a characteristic sound.Crunching can be heard with other diseases, and even if the joints are healthy.But exactly such a crunch is distinguished by the "dry" voice.The more the disease goes, the clearer the sound becomes.In fact, if we hear crunch, the pain can be felt.This allows the joints to distinguish the joint sounds from the usual harmless click.
• Reducing joint mobility is another typical symptom of arthrosis.In the initial stages, this phenomenon does not interfere with the patient, but with the progression of arthrosis, germination of bone tumors leads to the fact that the muscles are cramping and the joint gap almost completely disappears.This is the reason for the mobility of the limbs at the destination.
• Joint deformation.Its modification is determined by the fact that the osteophytes grow on the surface of the bones and the synovial fluid arrives.While deformation is one of the latest symptoms when arthrosis has a major collision with the joint.

The course of the disease is characterized by stages of worsening and remission.This significantly complicates independent diagnosis of arthrosis, only based on its own feelings.Therefore, you should seek to clarify your doctor's diagnosis.

Arthritis

Arthrosis is characterized by degenerative-dyynic changes in the joints that commission a person in chronic disease.The result of such destruction is the defeat of the sucker, the pathological changes of the capsule and the synovial shell, in the leagues and bone structures.

It is common to distinguish between three degrees of arthrosis, which characterizes the various severity of the disease and have different symptoms.

1 degree of joint

During the first phase of the formation of arthrosis, serious changes in joint morphology were not observed.Only the composition of the synovial fluid is disturbed.It provides inferior nutrients to the joint tissue, so the cartilage loses its previous resistance to the loads known on it.This leads to the inflammation of the cartilage tissues, the person has pain.

The patient may complain of insignificant stiffness of the joints, but most often does not pay attention to this feeling and violation of weather conditions, unpleasant pose, etc.

Occasionally we hear weak cracks in the affected joint.The pain may hurt.If the disease is diagnosed at this stage, it is possible to cope with the conservative methods of IT.

2 degrees in the joint

The second stage of arthrosis is accompanied by the destruction of the cartilage.Bone growth appears on the edges of the joint.The more intense the load, the stronger the cartilage tissue will be.

A person experiences constant pain to which he gets used to.The inflammation now calms down and then worsens again.

The muscles surrounding the joints lose their previous functions, but these disorders are most often weak or moderate.Therefore, at this stage, a person may refuse a doctor's visit.

After a brief load on the legs, one may experience fatigue.At the same time, the painful pain of the joints will be acute.The crystal increases during movement, which is explained by the growth of bones.

The joints begin at the second level of joint development, so you must seek medical help.

3 degrees in the joints

The third degree of arthrosis is the most severe.The joint cartilage of the affected joint has not only started thinner, but also began to collapse, and the abnormal focuses are quite large.The joint is very deformed, which affects the normal axis of the limb.

The ligaments surrounding the joints shortly lose their functional activity, which affects the mobility of the arms or legs.

During this period, a person has a contracture and subluxation.The muscles surrounding the joint are shortened and stretched out and is difficult to contract.The joints and nearby tissues are suffering from insufficient nutrition.

The person is accompanied by severe pain, acute and sharp.Even at rest, the patient suffers considerable discomfort.The third stage of arthrosis is associated with the risk of total loss of human capacity.

Arthritis

Depending on the cause of arthrosis, a disease with unclear etiology, ie idiopathic arthrosis, can be distinguished.Most often it is diagnosed with people over 40 years of age.There are also secondary arthrosis that occurs in the background of obvious causes (after injury, arthritis, endocrine diseases, etc.).

In addition to classifying arthrosis depending on the cause of its occurrence, the following types of disease are distinguished:

• Knee arthrosis or gonarthosis.This is the most common disease.At the same time, the knee joints suffer.Pathology is most often diagnosed with body weight, in the background of metabolism in the body, and due to stress.The disease develops over the years at a late stage, and the knee completely loses its mobility.
• Ankle arthrosis.The ankle joint is affected by this type of disease.The disease develops in the background of injuries due to the stretching of leagues, due to the dysplus, gout and diabetes available.Pathology is sometimes caused by rheumatoid arthritis.Most often, ankle arthrosis is diagnosed in people whose work in this area is over -exhaustive: dancers, athletes, women who wear high rodent shoes.
• Shoulder arthrosis.The main cause of the pathology is considered to be congenital errors or overload of the shoulder joint.The risk group includes carriers, plasters and people who are busy with a hard manual workforce.This includes the arthrosis of the elbow joint.
• Hip joint or coxarthrosis arthrosis.This is one of the difficult types of pathology.The main reason for this is the changes related to age in joint tissues.The risk group includes people under the age of 40.
• Cervical arthrosis.The reasons that can lead to the development of this pathology: cervical spine, obesity and insufficient mobility.The risk group includes people in sedentary work.In addition to the main symptoms of arthrosis, patients also suffer from dizziness, headache and sometimes loss of awareness in the form of pain and joint mobility.This is due to the spinal artery involvement in the pathological process, which nourishes the brain.
• Hands and fingers osteoarthrosis.In this case, the wrist joint is damaged, the joints of the fingers, etc.Most often, women who enter menopause suffer pathology.
• Spondylarthrosis in which the spinal joints and cartilage suffer.The disease is most often developed in elderly people after 65 years.Women are primarily suffered from them, which is explained by a decrease in estrogen after the climax.
• Polyosteoarthrosis.It is a degenerative disease in which peripheral joints, leagues and tendons suffer.The spinal joints can be involved in the pathology.

The joint complications

If arthrosis does not provide adequate attention, do not treat it on time and correctly, this can lead to complete destruction of the patient's joint, but also to change the biomechanics of the spine, which can thus begin in the interventional discs of the spine and the development of arthrosis can begin in other healthy joints.The complication of arthrosis of the joints is better not to allow it.

The following pathologies distinguish the main complications of arthrosis:

• Destruction of the joint.
• Joint deformation.
• The impossibility of implementing movements.
• The patient's disability.
• Violation of biomechanics of the spine and other joints.
• Intervertebral discs are hernia.
• Reducing the patient's standard of living.

The joint diagnosis

To diagnose, your doctor should interview and check the patient.Then he appoints him the X -drought of the affected joints.

The X -Ray images are most often made with 2 forecasts.The study enables the presentation of distrustal changes in tissue, cartilage and adjacent bones.In patients with arthrosis arthrosis, the bone is deformed, bone growth and osteophytes may be left.Occasionally, the joint itself loses stability, which leads to dislocations.

The first sign of arthrosis, which can be displayed in an X-seri, is the presence of osteophytes.First of all, the edges of the joint surface will simply be sharp.In the future, they will thicken, then grow out and appear on them.The common gap becomes the progress of the pathology.

Depending on the resulting radiological image, your doctor may make the following diagnosis (classification of Kellgren-Lawrence is considered as a basis):

• Arthrosis is dubious.The degree of narrowing of the joint gap cannot be determined, but the small osteophytes are visible.
• Soft arthrosis in which the osteophytes are well displayed, but there are doubts about narrowing the joint gap.
• Moderate arthrosis is diagnosed when the joint gap is clearly narrowed and the osteophytes are clearly visible.Occasionally, bone formations are found.
• Severe joint arthrosis is accompanied by a significant narrowing of the joint gap and the formation of large osteophytes.The joint is deformed.

If your doctor requires additional information about the condition of the joint, you may direct the patient to transfer CT, arthroscopy or MRI.To assess the quality of synovial fluid, joint puncture is performed.

Treatment methods

It is better to treat the painful joints at an early stage and the treatment itself should be pathogenetic and complex.The essence of the treatment is to remove the causes that contribute to the development of the disease, to eliminate inflammatory changes and to restore previously lost functions.

A comprehensive treatment of arthrosis includes drugs that have anti -inflammatory and analgesic properties and physiotherapy methods that have an analgesic effect on the joints.When treatment is carried out in a spa, it is under climate conditions that have a positive effect on joints and the use of mineral waters and mud.

Treatment of arthrosis is based on many principles:

• Damaged joints should be removed from excessive load.If possible, it should usually be minimized during treatment.
• Following the orthopedic system created.
• Classes of physiotherapy exercises.
• The passage of physiotherapy, which includes magnet and electrotherapy, shock wave, and laser therapy.
• Sanatorium treatment.Once a year, he attends a course in special resorts once a year.
• The saturation of the joint with oxygen or so -called joint oxygen gene therapy.
• Therapy with medicines.
• Inside the bone blockade and the decompression of the metrophyse.
• Rational approach to nutrition.

Physiotherapy

You can cope with physiotherapy treatment with arthrosis.

They belong to:

• UVT- The shock wave therapy allows the release of osteophytes, which are bone processes.They will be the main cause of pain.The waves soften these outgrowths and are absorbed after a while.In parallel, joint improvement, metabolism processes are normalized.This procedure is only effective in early stages of the disease.In addition, it can only be appointed by one doctor as it has many contraindications.
• Myostimulation- The method is based on muscle stimulation of electrical impulses.The procedure is presented to treat patients with bedding who are forced to keep the bed relax after injury.This method is not very often prescribed for arthrosis, although it allows them to normalize blood flow in the problem area and increase muscle tone, which allows you to import the deadline for joint recovery.
• Phonophoresis- In this treatment, the joint is exposed to ultrasound waves and medicines.The effects of drugs are increasing as they will be "exactly in the destination" and the cells will learn them better.
• Ozone therapy- This method involves introducing a gas mixture into the joint.The patient disappears, inflammation decreases, arthritis normalizes and blood circulation improves.Treatment is performed on courses.Their duration depends on the severity of the flow of pathology.

Surgical treatment

If you cannot cope with the disease by conservative methods, the patient is directed to surgery.

Methods of surgical intervention are as follows:

• Puncture performance.This is not only therapeutic but also a diagnostic method.During its execution, the needle is inserted into the joint, taking a small amount of liquid.It was sent for analysis in the future.This method allows you to remove the load from the joint and transport medications, such as corticosteroids.
• Arthroscopy- At the same time, an arthroscope is introduced into the joint, with several small cuts on the skin.This procedure allows you to assess the internal condition of the joint.During arthroscopy, the doctor can remove excess cartilage, thus shipping a person from pain.
• Near the joint osteotomy- The operation leads to the fact that the bones of the joint are slightly sawn and secured in the right position.This allows you to reduce the burden on the defeat zone and save people from pain.Although the procedure is quite effective, it rarely occurs as it is performed during anesthesia and requires a long recovery period.
• Replacing your own joint with prosthesis- Endoprostanism should be used if the joint is very deformed and cannot be restored.This is a difficult operation that pays a lot of money.The prosthesis itself is made of materials such as metal, ceramic, plastic.After the intervention, one person is restored for a long time and may suffer from pain.Although it is often impossible to help patients with other methods, otherwise one can be completely immobilized.The high quality prosthesis can last for 20 years.All the time one does not experience problems with movement.

Drug treatment

Let's look at the drug treatment in more detail:

• Anti -anti -inflammatory drugs.The beginning of arthrosis is comprehensive, can slow down the course of the disease and greatly improve the quality of life.It is worthwhile to live in more detail at certain treatment points.In particular, treatment with drugs includes the initial stages - this is the removal of pain and the elimination of inflammatory processes in the joints.
• Hormonal corticosteroids.When arthrosis is in the stage of aggravation, hormonal corticosteroids are recommended.They are inserted into the joint.You can use a special repair, ointment or tincture made outwardly made by the pepper burner.
• Preparations for the restoration of cartilage and high quality composition of synovial fluid will not be unnecessary.The course lasts quite a long time until the improvement occurs.  

If the case is particularly difficult, the drug absorbs can be prescribed.But they are very rarely used when other devices did not produce the desired effect.

Proper nutrition for joint treatment

Separate -it is worth living on nutrition during the worsening of the disease.There are some recommendations here - you cannot go beyond as it contributes to additional pounds, but it is impossible to starve as the cartilage with important elements are interrupted.The priority task, which is confronted with the overweight patient, is a decrease.This simply requires the removal of fast carbohydrates from the diet, which are contained in all flour products and sweets.Alcohol is banned and beer first.

There is no complaint about fish at all - of course, a lot can be used in reasonable quantities.But you should not rely on too greasy varieties as they have a lot of calories, which means that the extra pound will not be a long time.

It plays an important role in the treatment of arthrosis for a cold food.Surprisingly, this food is recommended that all doctors incorporate it into the diet.Such foods will be a true storage of trace elements of sore joints.The most important component of this food is natural collagen.The body absorbs it quickly and is the basis of connective tissue.Due to regular consumption of jelly, good results can be achieved - the joints become more agile, the tissues lining the tissues - elastic, the cartilage and the bones gain strength.

Don't forget to regularly intake of foods on regular intake of vitamins.In patients with arthrosis, vitamins B are particularly relevant

Pyridoxine promotes the production of hemoglobin."You can get it ”by consuming bananas, nuts, cabbage and potatoes. It is worth taking it away due to vegetation and legumes. It will be a source of folic acid. The liver, fungi, dairy products, and eggs will be useful.

By observing the treatment regime prescribed by the doctor, it can be achieved that the disease retreats and the injured tissues begin to recover.